Judging from the actual application of large-capacity energy storage systems, Japan, the United States and other countries are currently the countries with the most applications of energy storage systems in the world.
Tokyo Electric Power Company is in an international leading position in the research and development of sodium-sulfur battery systems, and has relatively mature commercial products. In 1999, a 6Mw × 8h system was installed in the Daren substation, and in July 2004, the world’s largest system was installed in the Hitachi automation system factory. The sodium-sulfur battery system has a capacity of 9.6MW/57.6MW·h; more than 100 sets of sodium-sulfur battery systems have been successfully applied in the power system and the load side, with a total capacity of more than 100MW, of which nearly 2/3 is used to balance the load. In 2004, a 12MW/120MW·h sodium-sulfur battery system was installed at the Columbia Air Force Base in the United States as a backup power station.
In the early 1990s, the British Innogy Company successfully developed 5kW, 20kW and 100kW series of sodium polysulfide/bromine liquid flow energy storage stacks, and in 2001 and 2002, 120MW·h energy storage units were built in the United Kingdom and the United States respectively. Power station, used for power station peak shaving and UPS; in 2001, 250kW/520kW·h all-vanadium flow battery was put into commercial operation in Japan. In recent years, the United States, Japan, Europe and other countries have successively used the all-vanadium flow battery energy storage system matched with wind energy/photovoltaic power generation for peak regulation of power stations.
Lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries have made breakthroughs in technology. They have the characteristics of large current, long life and environmental protection. They can be used as power batteries and are suitable for use in electric vehicle charging stations. On the one hand, they can match the characteristics of electric vehicles. High-power charging, on the one hand, can cooperate with the grid load to achieve peak shaving and valley filling. The sodium-sulfur battery has a relatively large specific power and specific capacity, a small footprint, and a moderate number of lifespans. It can be used in distribution network substations to achieve peak shaving and valley filling, and can also be used on the large user side as an uninterruptible power supply. Peak shaving and valley filling of the load on the user side. Vanadium batteries have the characteristics of long life, can be started frequently but occupy a relatively large area. They can be used in large-scale new energy power generation (such as solar and wind power) and distributed power generation, and the frequent fluctuations of new energy power generation can be analyzed frequently and quickly. adjustment, smooth its output.